Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis

Question 2

Which connective tissue layer directly protects the kidney from infection and physical trauma?

Accepted Answer

Renal capsule

Question 3

A patient has a blockage at the renal pelvis. Which structure will directly be affected in terms of urine flow?

Accepted Answer

Ureter

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the nephron loop (Loop of Henle)?

Accepted Answer

It modifies the filtrate by reabsorbing water and solutes

Question 5

Which blood vessel brings blood directly into the glomerulus for filtration?

Accepted Answer

Afferent arteriole

Question 6

What is the main difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

Juxtamedullary nephrons have vasa recta capillaries and control urine concentration

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery → afferent arteriole → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries → renal vein

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of the glomerular capillary endothelium, basal lamina, and podocytes

Question 9

A patient has a GFR (glomerular filtration rate) of 60 mL/min. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

The patient is likely to have decreased urine output and risk of waste accumulation

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = GHP - (GCOP + CHP)$$

Question 11

If the afferent arteriole constricts in response to increased systemic blood pressure, what is the expected effect on GFR?

Accepted Answer

GFR will decrease

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the heart in response to increased blood volume and acts to increase GFR?

Accepted Answer

Natriuretic peptides

Question 13

A patient is experiencing high sympathetic nervous system stimulation. What is the most likely effect on GFR?

Accepted Answer

GFR will decrease due to constriction of both afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)?

Accepted Answer

It regulates blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

It returns most water and solutes from the filtrate back to the blood

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely increase the glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP)?

Accepted Answer

An increase in blood protein concentration

Question 17

A patient with chronic hypertension is at risk for damage to which part of the nephron due to increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of the release of renin by juxtaglomerular cells?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of angiotensin-II

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the kidneys filter 180 L of plasma per day but only produce about 1-2 L of urine?

Accepted Answer

Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed back into the blood

Urinary System: Structure, Function, and Renal Filtration

Study Guide - Practice Questions