Question 1

Which of the following best describes the unique step in the lytic replication cycle of a bacteriophage that distinguishes it from the lysogenic cycle?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of the bacterial chromosome

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Which of the following statements about the causative agent is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a misfolded protein that can induce misfolding in normal proteins.

Question 3

Which mechanism is used by non-enveloped animal viruses to exit the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysis of the host cell

Question 4

During the synthesis of new animal DNA viruses, which cellular enzyme is primarily responsible for replicating the viral genome?

Accepted Answer

Host cell DNA polymerase

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why RNA viruses require a special viral enzyme for genome replication?

Accepted Answer

Host cells lack enzymes that can replicate RNA from an RNA template.

Question 6

A virus enters a host cell by direct penetration. Which type of virus is most likely to use this mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Non-enveloped virus such as poliovirus

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the lytic replication cycle of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Attachment → Entry → Synthesis → Assembly → Release

Question 8

Which of the following best describes how prions are destroyed?

Accepted Answer

Incineration or autoclaving in concentrated sodium hydroxide

Question 9

A scientist observes that a virus is released from a host cell by budding. What can be inferred about this virus?

Accepted Answer

It is an enveloped virus.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between the synthesis of DNA and RNA animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

DNA viruses use host cell DNA polymerase; RNA viruses use viral RNA polymerase.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why lysogenic bacteriophages can persist in a bacterial population for many generations?

Accepted Answer

Their genome integrates into the host chromosome and replicates with it.

Question 12

A patient receives a corneal transplant from a donor with undiagnosed prion disease. Which is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The patient may develop a fatal spongiform encephalopathy after a long incubation period.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of a prion disease in animals?

Accepted Answer

Scrapie in sheep

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of viral assembly in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus; RNA viruses assemble in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

A non-enveloped virus is released from a host cell by exocytosis. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A vesicle containing the virus fuses with the plasma membrane, releasing the virus outside.

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible reason why prion diseases have such long incubation periods?

Accepted Answer

Prion propagation relies on the slow accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain.

Question 17

Which of the following steps in viral replication involves the use of host ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Translation of viral proteins

Question 18

A virus uses membrane fusion to enter a host cell. Which of the following viruses is most likely to use this mechanism?

Accepted Answer

HIV

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against prion diseases?

Accepted Answer

Prions are proteins, not living organisms, and lack metabolic pathways targeted by antibiotics.

Question 20

A researcher is studying a virus that requires both host and viral enzymes for replication. Which of the following best describes the likely genome of this virus?

Accepted Answer

RNA genome replicated by viral RNA polymerase

Viral Replication and Prion Diseases: Study Notes for ANP College

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards