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DNA Sequencing 1 definitions

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  • DNA Polymerase
    Enzyme responsible for extending an existing nucleic acid strand using a template and nucleotide triphosphates.
  • RNA Primer
    Short nucleic acid sequence required to initiate DNA synthesis, providing a starting point for elongation.
  • Template Strand
    Nucleic acid sequence used to guide the order of base incorporation during DNA synthesis.
  • Deoxynucleotide Triphosphate
    Building block for DNA synthesis, providing both the nucleotide and energy for strand elongation.
  • Pyrophosphate
    Byproduct released during nucleotide incorporation, resulting from the cleavage of phosphate bonds.
  • Hydrogen Ion
    Small molecule released as a byproduct during DNA strand elongation.
  • Dideoxynucleotide Triphosphate
    Modified nucleotide lacking a 3′ hydroxyl group, causing chain termination when incorporated.
  • 3′ Hydroxyl Group
    Functional group on the sugar backbone essential for attachment of the next nucleotide during DNA synthesis.
  • Gel Electrophoresis
    Technique used to separate DNA fragments by length, enabling sequence determination.
  • Primer Elongation
    Process of extending a nucleic acid strand from an initial primer using nucleotide triphosphates.
  • Nucleotide Incorporation
    Addition of a nucleotide to a growing DNA strand, guided by the template sequence.
  • Chain-Terminating Nucleotide
    Molecule that halts DNA synthesis by preventing further elongation of the strand.
  • Fragment Length
    Measurement of DNA strand size, used to deduce sequence information after separation.
  • Molecular Biology
    Field focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic information and its expression.
  • Genomics
    Discipline concerned with the sequencing, analysis, and interpretation of entire genetic material.