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Gluconeogenesis 2 definitions

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  • Gluconeogenesis
    Metabolic pathway in liver cells that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, crucial for maintaining blood sugar levels.
  • Pyruvate Carboxylase
    Enzyme catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, requiring ATP and adding CO2 during the first step of gluconeogenesis.
  • Oxaloacetate
    Intermediate formed from pyruvate, essential in gluconeogenesis and later in the citric acid cycle, produced by pyruvate carboxylase.
  • PEP Carboxykinase
    Enzyme converting oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate, using GTP and releasing CO2, a key step in gluconeogenesis.
  • Phosphoenolpyruvate
    Molecule generated from oxaloacetate, marking a critical point in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis reversal.
  • Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
    Enzyme removing a phosphate from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, reversing phosphofructokinase action in gluconeogenesis.
  • Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
    Substrate acted upon by fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, converted to fructose 6-phosphate during gluconeogenesis.
  • Fructose 6-phosphate
    Product formed after dephosphorylation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, a step in gluconeogenesis.
  • Glucose 6-phosphatase
    Enzyme present only in liver cells, removes phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate to yield glucose in gluconeogenesis.
  • Glucose 6-phosphate
    Compound dephosphorylated by glucose 6-phosphatase, producing glucose for release into the bloodstream.
  • Glucose
    Final product of gluconeogenesis, released by liver cells to maintain blood sugar and supply tissues.
  • ATP
    Energy molecule consumed by pyruvate carboxylase during the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
  • GTP
    Nucleoside triphosphate used by PEP carboxykinase to convert oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate.
  • CO2
    Molecule added to pyruvate and then removed from oxaloacetate during the initial steps of gluconeogenesis.
  • Liver
    Organ responsible for carrying out gluconeogenesis, ensuring glucose is available for the body.