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Glycogen Phosphorylase definitions

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  • Glycogen
    A branched polymer composed of glucose monomers, serving as a storage form of energy in cells.
  • Glucose 1-phosphate
    A phosphorylated glucose molecule released from glycogen, used in cellular respiration for ATP production.
  • Isozyme
    A variant of an enzyme with similar catalytic function but distinct regulatory and genetic properties.
  • Liver Phosphorylase
    An isozyme predominantly active in liver cells, facilitating glycogen breakdown for blood glucose maintenance.
  • Muscle Phosphorylase
    An isozyme mainly inactive in muscle tissue, activated during muscle contraction to supply energy.
  • Phosphorylase a
    The catalytically active form of glycogen phosphorylase, characterized by phosphorylated serine residues.
  • Phosphorylase b
    The less active form of glycogen phosphorylase, distinguished by unphosphorylated serine residues.
  • Covalent Regulation
    A control mechanism involving chemical modification, such as phosphorylation, to alter enzyme activity.
  • Allosteric Regulation
    A process where enzyme activity is modulated by molecules binding at sites other than the active site.
  • Serine Residue
    A specific amino acid within glycogen phosphorylase, targeted for phosphorylation to regulate activity.
  • Phosphorylation
    A post-translational modification involving the addition of a phosphate group, crucial for enzyme activation.
  • R State
    The relaxed conformation of glycogen phosphorylase, associated with higher catalytic activity.
  • T State
    The tense conformation of glycogen phosphorylase, linked to reduced catalytic activity.
  • Cellular Respiration
    A multi-step process utilizing glucose to generate ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.
  • ATP
    A molecule produced during cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular functions and muscle contraction.