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Practice: Amino Acid Oxidation 2 definitions

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  • Glucogenic Amino Acid
    Type of molecule that is catabolized to yield pyruvate, contributing to glucose synthesis in metabolic pathways.
  • Ketogenic Amino Acid
    Type of molecule that can be degraded to produce ketone bodies, supporting energy production during fasting.
  • Urea
    Nitrogen-containing compound generated from amino acid breakdown, crucial for waste excretion in mammals.
  • Complex 2
    Component of the electron transport chain that receives electrons from FAD, not directly from amino acids.
  • FAD
    Cofactor involved in electron transfer within the electron transport chain, essential for cellular respiration.
  • Transaminase
    Enzyme facilitating the transfer of amino groups, initiating amino acid degradation in metabolic pathways.
  • Oxidative Deamination
    Process in liver mitochondria converting glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate, releasing ammonia.
  • Alpha-Ketoglutarate
    Intermediate produced from glutamate during amino acid catabolism, entering the citric acid cycle.
  • Pyruvate
    Three-carbon compound formed from glucogenic amino acids, serving as a key metabolic intermediate.
  • Phenylketonuria
    Genetic disorder caused by a defect in the enzyme converting phenylalanine to tyrosine, leading to toxic buildup.
  • Phenylalanine
    Essential amino acid whose improper metabolism can result in neurological issues if not converted to tyrosine.
  • Tyrosine
    Amino acid produced from phenylalanine, necessary for normal metabolic and neurological function.
  • Phenylacetate
    Compound used as a marker in newborn screening to detect issues in phenylalanine metabolism.