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Primary Active Membrane Transport definitions

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  • Primary Active Transport
    Direct movement of molecules across membranes against concentration gradients, powered by ATP hydrolysis.
  • ATP Hydrolysis
    Chemical reaction releasing energy from ATP, enabling transport of molecules against their concentration gradient.
  • ATPase
    Enzyme catalyzing ATP hydrolysis, facilitating active transport of molecules across cellular membranes.
  • P-type ATPase
    Transporter reversibly phosphorylated during function, moving cations like sodium and potassium across membranes.
  • V-type ATPase
    Enzyme acidifying vesicles by moving hydrogen ions, crucial for lysosome formation and function in animal cells.
  • F-type ATPase
    Mitochondrial enzyme producing ATP by transporting hydrogen ions, also known as ATP synthase.
  • A-type ATPase
    Transporter moving anions across archaeal cell membranes, distinct from other ATPase types.
  • ABC Transporter
    Protein using an ATP binding cassette to move diverse solutes, including drugs and toxins, across membranes.
  • Electrochemical Gradient
    Difference in ion concentration and charge across a membrane, driving secondary active transport.
  • Cation
    Positively charged ion, such as sodium or potassium, often transported by P-type ATPases.
  • Anion
    Negatively charged ion, transported across archaeal membranes by A-type ATPases.
  • Lysosome
    Acidic vesicle in animal cells, formed and maintained by V-type ATPases, responsible for material recycling.
  • ATP Binding Cassette
    Structural domain in ABC transporters, enabling ATP-driven movement of solutes across membranes.
  • Mitochondrial Membrane
    Cellular barrier where F-type ATPases generate ATP by moving hydrogen ions.
  • Passive Transport
    Movement of molecules across membranes without energy input, following concentration gradients.