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Secondary Active Membrane Transport definitions

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  • Membrane Transport
    Movement of molecules across biological barriers, crucial for cellular homeostasis and nutrient uptake.
  • Passive Transport
    Molecular movement across membranes without energy input, driven by concentration gradients.
  • Active Transport
    Process requiring energy to move molecules against their concentration gradients across membranes.
  • Primary Active Transport
    Direct use of ATP hydrolysis to move molecules from low to high concentration, establishing ion gradients.
  • Secondary Active Transport
    Utilizes energy from ion gradients, indirectly relying on ATP, to move molecules against their gradients.
  • ATP Hydrolysis
    Chemical reaction releasing energy by breaking phosphate bonds, fueling cellular processes.
  • Electrochemical Gradient
    Combined effect of concentration and electrical charge differences across a membrane, driving ion movement.
  • Co-transport
    Simultaneous movement of two molecules across a membrane, often coupling passive and active processes.
  • Exergonic Process
    Spontaneous reaction releasing energy, such as ions moving down their gradients.
  • Endergonic Process
    Non-spontaneous reaction requiring energy input, like transporting molecules against gradients.
  • Concentration Gradient
    Difference in molecule concentration across a membrane, driving passive or active transport.
  • Sodium-Glucose Symporter
    Protein facilitating simultaneous sodium and glucose transport, exemplifying secondary active transport.
  • Ion Diffusion
    Movement of charged particles across membranes, often down electrochemical gradients.
  • Homeostasis
    Maintenance of stable internal conditions, supported by regulated membrane transport.
  • Amino Acid Transport
    Movement of amino acids across membranes, often requiring energy and specific transport mechanisms.