Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are composed of cells, and cells are the basic unit of structure and function.

Question 2

Which scientist is credited with observing living cells for the first time using a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 4

The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why active transport requires energy?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 7

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting cellular waste and pathogens

Question 9

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 10

According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from:

Accepted Answer

Engulfment of prokaryotic cells by ancestral eukaryotes

Question 11

Which of the following membrane proteins is NOT embedded in the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral protein

Question 12

What is the main function of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and communication

Question 13

Which of the following best describes tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

They form a seal that prevents movement of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 14

Gap junctions are important for:

Accepted Answer

Allowing direct communication between adjacent cells

Question 15

Which of the following is a major component of the extracellular matrix that provides structural strength?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 16

Which equation best represents the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane (osmosis)?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{outside} - \Psi_{inside}$

Question 17

Which of the following is true about mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

They generate energy through cellular respiration.

Question 18

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles or pathogens by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump maintaining ion gradients in neurons

Cell Structure, Membranes, and Transport: Foundational Biochemistry Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions