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General Biology: Cell Organelles and Transport Mechanisms

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Terms in this set (15)

  • Functions of Organelles
    Organelles have specific functions essential for cell survival and operation.
  • Surface Area to Volume Ratio
    The ratio comparing the surface area of a cell to its volume, affecting transport efficiency.
  • Passive Transport
    Movement of substances across membranes without energy, from high to low concentration.
  • Types of Passive Transport
    Includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
  • Diffusion
    Passive transport of small, nonpolar molecules like CO2 and O2 across membranes.
  • Facilitated Diffusion
    Passive transport of polar or charged molecules like glucose and ions via protein channels.
  • Osmosis
    Passive diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
  • Water Transport by Osmosis
    Water moves by osmosis, with 95% via facilitated diffusion and 5% by simple diffusion.
  • Active Transport
    Energy-requiring process moving substances against their concentration gradient.
  • Protein Pumps in Active Transport
    Use energy to pump 2 K+ ions in and 3 Na+ ions out of the cell.
  • Exocytosis
    Active transport process where cells expel materials in vesicles.
  • Endocytosis
    Active transport process where cells engulf materials; includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
  • Phagocytosis
    Type of endocytosis where cells engulf large particles or cells.
  • Pinocytosis
    Type of endocytosis where cells engulf fluids and dissolved substances.
  • Calculate Ψw
    Refers to calculating water potential, important in understanding osmosis.