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General Biology: Cell Structure and Function

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Terms in this set (22)

  • What are the two main types of cells?
    Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • What is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
    Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
  • What is the function of the plasma membrane?
    It is a phospholipid bilayer that controls transport and reception.
  • What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
    Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
  • What is the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
    It stores chromosomes and controls cell activities.
  • What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
    It is involved in protein synthesis and processing.
  • What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
    It synthesizes lipids and processes carbohydrates.
  • What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?
    It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
  • What is the function of lysosomes?
    They digest materials within the cell using enzymes.
  • What is the role of peroxisomes?
    They contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.
  • What is the function of mitochondria?
    They produce ATP through cellular respiration.
  • What are the key components of mitochondria?
    Outer membrane, inner membrane, cristae, and matrix.
  • What is the function of chloroplasts?
    They conduct photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy.
  • What structures are found inside chloroplasts?
    Thylakoids, grana (stacks of thylakoids), and stroma.
  • What is the cytoskeleton's role?
    It provides structural support, movement, and intracellular transport.
  • What are flagella and fimbriae?
    Flagella enable cell movement; fimbriae help cells adhere to surfaces.
  • What is the size comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
    Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller, about 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells.
  • What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
    A process where cells absorb molecules by engulfing them after binding to specific receptors.
  • What is autophagy?
    The process by which cells digest their own damaged organelles or materials.
  • What is the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?
    They provide tracks for organelle movement and form structures like cilia and flagella.
  • What is the role of actin filaments?
    They support cell shape and enable cell movement.
  • What is the function of intermediate filaments?
    They provide mechanical strength to cells.