Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions, supporting larger cell size.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with DNA located in a region not surrounded by a membrane, ribosomes, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs in a liver cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

If a mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear envelope, which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Compartmentalization of genetic material

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio ($$S/V) $$for a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$S/V = \frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Question 6

A cell is unable to package and ship proteins to other parts of the cell. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

During cellular respiration, which organelle converts oxygen and glucose into ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Which structure in animal cells is composed of glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin, and helps coordinate cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules using hydrolytic enzymes

Question 12

Which of the following junctions in animal cells prevents fluid from moving across a layer of cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 13

Which organelle is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 14

A mutation disrupts the function of actin in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell shape and movement

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

Which equation represents the total surface area ($$S) of$$ $$n$$ cube-shaped cells with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$S = 6l^2$n$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cells are small and have a high surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

To allow efficient exchange of materials with the environment

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal element is most important for anchoring organelles and maintaining cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

A Tour of the Cell (Chapter 6): Structure and Function of Cells

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