Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why electron microscopes have higher resolving power than light microscopes?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have shorter wavelengths than visible light, allowing finer detail to be resolved.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Which domain and kingdom does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia

Question 3

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins according to instructions from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

A cell is observed to have a capsule, a cell wall, and a nucleoid region but lacks membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 6

Which organelle is most directly involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide ($$H_2O_2) in $$animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 7

A mutation prevents the formation of integrins in an animal cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of the cell to the extracellular matrix

Question 8

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain circular DNA similar to bacterial genomes.

Question 9

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which cellular structure helps prevent the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing and shipping proteins and lipids

Question 11

A cell is observed to have many rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes. What can be inferred about its function?

Accepted Answer

It produces large amounts of proteins.

Question 12

Which structure allows direct flow of water, nutrients, and chemical messages between adjacent plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and cell movement?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Question 14

A cell is unable to produce vesicles for transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for export

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 17

Which of the following cell junctions prevents leakage of extracellular fluid between animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 18

A cell with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is likely specialized for which function?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have highly folded inner membranes?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for ATP production

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ ribosome $$\rightarrow$$ protein

A Tour of the Cell (Chapter 4): Structure and Function of Cells

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