Question 1

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics can target bacterial cells without harming human cells?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics bind to structures found only in bacterial cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 3

A scientist discovers a new organism with a cell wall made of cellulose, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which domain and kingdom does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Plantae

Question 4

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP from the energy of food molecules in almost all eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A mutation causes a defect in the structure of cilia and flagella in a human. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory problems due to impaired mucus clearance

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It receives, refines, stores, and distributes chemical products of the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export

Question 9

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle helps prevent the cell from bursting by absorbing excess water?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is composed mostly of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They evolved from ancient free-living prokaryotes that established residence within larger host cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing mechanical support and maintaining cell shape

Question 13

A researcher is studying a cell that contains ribosomes attached to its membrane, produces proteins for export, and is connected to the nuclear envelope. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the production and secretion of a protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus $$\rightarrow$$ Ribosome $$\rightarrow$$ Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Transport vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ Plasma membrane

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of the relationship between structure and function in cells?

Accepted Answer

The cytoskeleton provides structural support, allowing cells to maintain their shape and resist collapse.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

It produces lipids and helps detoxify circulating drugs.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a lysosomal storage disease. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in a specific digestive enzyme within lysosomes

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing organic nutrients and absorbing water

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates the theme of 'Pathways that transform energy and matter' in biology?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts converts light energy into chemical energy.

Question 20

Which of the following is evidence supporting the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those of prokaryotes.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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