Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain internal membranes that compartmentalize functions, allowing for increased cellular complexity.

Question 2

Which two domains consist of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 3

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the location of their DNA. Where is the DNA found in each type of cell?

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, DNA is in the nucleoid; in eukaryotes, DNA is in the nucleus.

Question 4

As a cell increases in size, what happens to its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

The ratio decreases.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs

Question 7

Alcohol abuse can increase tolerance to other drugs such as barbiturates. Which organelle is primarily responsible for this effect?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by a host cell, forming a symbiotic relationship.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate undigested macromolecules, leading to cellular dysfunction.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for ATP-producing reactions

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 14

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts have three membranes and contain their own DNA.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of contractile vacuoles in protists?

Accepted Answer

They expel excess water to maintain osmotic balance.

Question 16

A scientist is studying a cell with the following features: a cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts, and plasmodesmata. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the value of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It enables specialized environments for different metabolic processes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of ribosome type and its primary product destination?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes — proteins for insertion into membranes or export

Question 19

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of large amounts of proteins for export

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy in lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

The lysosome recycles the cell's own damaged organelles and macromolecules.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure and Function of Cellular Organelles: Cell Biology

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