Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria. Which microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM), because it provides high-resolution images of internal cell structures.

Question 3

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 4

According to the endosymbiont theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and double membranes, similar to bacteria.

Question 5

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell follows which correct path?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi apparatus → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules are involved in chromosome separation during cell division.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying drugs and synthesizing lipids in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)

Question 8

A mutation prevents the formation of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Leakage of extracellular fluid between cells, compromising tissue integrity.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components through hydrolysis.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and regulating cell behavior through signaling.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein and are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 13

A freshwater protist uses a contractile vacuole to survive in its environment. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Pumping excess water out of the cell to prevent lysis.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference in movement between cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Cilia move with a back-and-forth motion, while flagella move with an undulating, whip-like motion.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

A genetic defect causes a cell to lack peroxisomes. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol.

Question 18

Which structure in prokaryotic cells contains the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Both plant and animal cells require ATP produced by cellular respiration for energy.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Chapter 6

Study Guide - Practice Questions