Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with DNA located in a region not surrounded by a membrane, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Fluid will leak between cells

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cells are small and have a high surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

To allow efficient exchange of materials with the environment

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the surface area (SA) and volume (V) of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 6l^2$, V$$ = $$l^3$$

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 9

A patient’s muscle cells are unable to contract properly due to a defect in actin filaments. Which cellular structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 10

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both convert energy from one form to another

Question 11

A cell is unable to produce hydrolytic enzymes and cannot digest macromolecules. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and mediates cell signaling

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of plasmodesmata. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The cell will have reduced communication with adjacent cells

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'selective barrier'?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches the cytoskeletal element with its function?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments – anchoring organelles

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a high number of peroxisomes. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid breakdown and detoxification

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 19

A researcher observes vesicles moving along tracks inside a cell. Which cellular structure is responsible for providing these tracks?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 20

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a central vacuole

A Tour of the Cell: Structure and Function of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

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