Question 1

Which of the following best describes a hyperosmotic freshwater fish in terms of osmoregulation?

Accepted Answer

It gains water from its environment and excretes large amounts of dilute urine.

Question 2

A marine bird drinks seawater but does not become dehydrated. Which adaptation allows it to survive in this environment?

Accepted Answer

It possesses salt glands that actively secrete excess salts.

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

A patient is found to have abnormally high blood glucose levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of filtration in the excretory system?

Accepted Answer

Movement of blood plasma (minus proteins) into the nephron to form filtrate.

Question 6

Which chemical signal acts on the same cell that secreted it?

Accepted Answer

Autocrine

Question 7

A person is experiencing chronic stress, leading to increased blood pressure and blood glucose. Which hormone is primarily responsible for these effects?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in early embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage → Morula → Blastula

Question 9

Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system and skin?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 10

A male mammal produces sperm continuously throughout life, while a female produces eggs discontinuously. Which process explains this difference?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogenesis is continuous; oogenesis is discontinuous.

Question 11

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys to regulate salt balance.

Question 13

A mutation causes a defect in the hormone receptor for ADH. What is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased water reabsorption and production of dilute urine.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct match between hormone and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

FSH: stimulates gamete production in gonads

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why marine fish drink seawater and excrete concentrated urine?

Accepted Answer

They are hypoosmotic to seawater and must excrete excess salts.

Question 16

A patient with Addison's disease has low levels of aldosterone. Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Low blood sodium and low blood pressure

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the claca in birds and reptiles?

Accepted Answer

It is a common opening for digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 19

During early development, which structure implants into the uterine wall and contributes to the formation of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Blastocyst

Question 20

A person is exposed to a sudden threat and experiences increased heart rate and energy mobilization. Which hormones are primarily responsible for this 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Animal Physiology and Development: Osmoregulation, Hormones, and Reproduction

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