Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of epithelial tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Covering body surfaces and lining internal organs to provide protection and selective permeability

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of tissue type and example?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue – bone marrow

Question 3

Which organ system is primarily responsible for removing metabolic waste products from the blood and regulating water balance?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 4

Homeostasis in animals is most often maintained by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback control

Question 5

Which of the following statements best explains the phrase 'Animal structures are not perfect'?

Accepted Answer

Animal structures are the result of evolutionary compromises and may have limitations or inefficiencies.

Question 6

Which layer of the skin contains most of the sensory nerve endings and blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 7

The alimentary canal is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A muscular tube extending from the mouth to the anus through which food passes and is digested

Question 8

During digestion, which structure prevents food from entering the trachea when swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

The rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle to move food through the digestive tract

Question 10

Amylase is an enzyme involved in digestion. Where is it primarily secreted, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Secreted by the salivary glands; breaks down starches into sugars

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why herbivores such as cows can digest cellulose, while humans cannot?

Accepted Answer

Herbivores possess symbiotic microorganisms in their digestive tracts that produce cellulase

Question 12

Which of the following is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Producing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

Question 13

A patient is experiencing frequent heartburn. Which of the following is the most likely physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus due to a weak sphincter

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the immune system's humoral response?

Accepted Answer

It involves B-cells producing antibodies that bind to antigens in body fluids

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Producing digestive enzymes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from another individual

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A protein on the surface of a bacterium

Question 19

Which human disease still does NOT have a vaccine available?

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS

Question 20

A population requires at least 95% vaccination coverage to achieve herd immunity for a certain disease. If the population is 10,000 people, how many must be vaccinated to reach herd immunity?

$$ 	ext{Number vaccinated} = 0.95 	imes 10,000 $$

Accepted Answer

9,500

Animal Structure, Nutrition, and Immune System: Study Notes

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