$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing heat with minimal temperature change?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice keep water molecules farther apart, lowering its density.

Question 3

A scientist adds a drop of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to a beaker of pure water. What happens to the pH and why?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases because HCl donates $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 4

Which of the following is a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Linking two amino acids to form a dipeptide and releasing water

Question 5

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, a disorder caused by malfunctioning lysosomes. What is the primary cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out and potassium into the cell against their gradients.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 9

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why leaves appear green to the human eye?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light.

Question 11

A mutation in the gene encoding an enzyme in glycolysis results in a nonfunctional protein. What is the most likely cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ATP yield from glucose metabolism

Question 12

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in offspring produced by sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a mutation in a single nucleotide can have a significant effect on protein function?

Accepted Answer

It can change the amino acid sequence, altering protein structure and function.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

AP Biology Fall Semester Final Exam Review: Comprehensive Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions