$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between correlation and causation in experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Correlation indicates a relationship between variables, but causation requires experimental evidence that one variable produces a change in another.

Question 2

A researcher is studying the effect of a new drug on heart rate. Which of the following is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The heart rate of the subjects

Question 3

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules requires more energy to change temperature.

Question 5

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 7

Which process produces the most ATP in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC + chemiosmosis)

Question 8

What is the correct balanced equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 10

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 11

A plant cell is exposed to light and carbon dioxide. Which organelle is primarily responsible for converting these into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

A genetic cross between two heterozygous individuals for a single trait (Aa x Aa) will result in what expected genotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of antibodies in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They bind to antigens and help neutralize or mark pathogens for destruction.

Question 17

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Krebs Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are nonpolar and do not interact with water molecules.

AP Biology Final Exam Study Guide: Comprehensive Review Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions