Question 1

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of the human body mass is composed of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen combined?

Accepted Answer

96%

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 4

What type of chemical bond is formed when sodium (Na) transfers an electron to chlorine (Cl) to form table salt (NaCl)?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 5

Which statement about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water is a universal solvent due to its polarity

Question 6

If a solution has a pH of 8, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of $[OH^-]$ is greater than $[H^+]$

Question 7

Which of the following is a polymer made from monosaccharide monomers?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide

Question 8

What is the main function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions and providing structure

Question 9

Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 10

A molecule of water ($H_2O$) is formed by which type of bond between hydrogen and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why water can dissolve salts like NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and surrounds the positive and negative ions, separating them

Question 12

Which of the following is true about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids increase the concentration of $[H^+]$ in solution

Question 13

Which process links monomers together to form polymers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Condensation (dehydration synthesis)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond found in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Metallic bond

Question 15

Which property of carbon makes it uniquely suited to form the backbone of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A monomer of nucleic acids

Question 17

What is the effect of denaturation on a protein?

Accepted Answer

It causes the protein to lose its specific 3D shape and function

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct representation of a double covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

$O=O$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form the main structure of cell membranes

Question 20

Which of the following is true about saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

They form solids at room temperature

Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonds: Foundations of Life

Study Guide - Practice Questions