Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not.

Question 2

A scientist isolates a prokaryote from a hot spring with a temperature near boiling. Which group is this organism most likely to belong to?

Accepted Answer

Archaea (thermophiles)

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics like penicillin are effective against bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin targets the peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls, which human cells lack.

Question 4

Which metabolic strategy is used by prokaryotes that obtain energy from inorganic chemicals and carbon from CO$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotrophy

Question 5

A bacterium is classified as Gram-negative. Which of the following is true about its cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It has a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane.

Question 6

Which process allows bacteria to acquire new genetic material from their environment, increasing genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 7

Why are prokaryotes critical for nutrient cycling in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They decompose organic matter and fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the genetic material of most prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by an obligate anaerobe. Which treatment environment would be most effective in inhibiting the growth of this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

An environment with high oxygen concentration

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship involving prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in the human gut aiding digestion

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotes can evolve rapidly?

Accepted Answer

They have short generation times and large populations.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a basic shape of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal (cube-shaped)

Question 13

Which of the following is a beneficial use of bacteria in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Bioremediation of chemical spills

Question 14

A scientist discovers a prokaryote that can survive in extremely salty environments. This organism is most likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

Halophile Archaea

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of fimbriae in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces

Question 16

Which of the following is a reason why antibiotic resistance can spread rapidly in bacterial populations?

Accepted Answer

Horizontal gene transfer allows resistance genes to move between species.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet and appear purple.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a chemoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium that uses organic compounds for both energy and carbon

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique feature of prokaryotic cellular organization compared to eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Lack of compartmentalization and membrane-bound organelles

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They convert atmospheric N$$_2$$ into NH$$_3$$, making nitrogen available to other organisms.

Bacteria and Archaea: Structure, Diversity, and Roles in Biology

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