Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why antibiotics that poison bacterial ribosomes do not affect ribosomes of archaea or eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The molecular composition of ribosomes in archaea and eukaryotes is different from that in bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a microbe that thrives in hot springs with temperatures above 80°C and acidic conditions. Which lineage does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Crenarchaeota

Question 3

Which process allows bacteria to acquire new genetic traits from their environment by taking up free DNA released by other cells?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by a species that forms tough, dormant structures during environmental stress, which are resistant to heat and antibiotics. What are these structures called?

Accepted Answer

Endospores

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a chemoorganoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

Oxidizes organic molecules and absorbs organic compounds from the environment

Question 6

A Gram stain is performed on a bacterial sample. The cells appear purple under the microscope. What does this indicate about the cell wall composition?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall contains an extensive amount of carbohydrate peptidoglycan.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a way infectious diseases can spread according to the germ theory?

Accepted Answer

Inherited genetically from parents

Question 8

A researcher is studying a bacterial species that is abundant in soil, forms branching chains, and is known for producing hundreds of antibiotics. Which genus is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Streptomyces

Question 9

Which metabolic strategy is used by phototrophs to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Photophosphorylation

Question 10

A bacterial cell is found to have both an inner and outer phospholipid bilayer and a thin layer of peptidoglycan. What color would it appear after a Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

Pink

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between Bacteria and Archaea at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

Archaea use methionine as the first amino acid during translation, while Bacteria use formylmethionine.

Question 12

Which bacterial lineage is least diverse and consists of very small, spherical cells that live as parasitic endosymbionts inside host cells?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydiae

Question 13

A scientist is attempting to clean up a polluted water site using bioremediation. Which two strategies might they employ?

Accepted Answer

Fertilizing the site to encourage growth of existing microbes and seeding with specific bacteria and archaea

Question 14

Which lineage of bacteria is extremely common in animal intestines and aids in the digestive process through symbiotic mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Firmicutes

Question 15

A bacterial species is found to play a key role in nitrogen cycling and can form aggregates of cells organized as spore-forming fruiting bodies. To which lineage does it most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Proteobacteria

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct application of Koch's postulates in identifying the causative agent of a disease?

Accepted Answer

The microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture away from the host.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of biofilms in bacterial resistance to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms are polysaccharide-rich matrices that shield bacteria from antibiotics.

Question 18

A bacterium is discovered that oxidizes inorganic molecules to generate ATP and synthesizes its own organic compounds from CO$$_2. $$Which metabolic category does it belong to?

Accepted Answer

Chemolithoautotroph

Question 19

Which lineage of bacteria is distinguished by a corkscrew shape and flagella contained within an outer sheath, allowing it to move by lashing back and forth?

Accepted Answer

Spirochaetes

Question 20

Which of the following is a major theme in the diversification of Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Morphological diversity

Bacteria and Archaea: Structure, Diversity, and Biological Impact

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