Q: Which equation best represents the energy source and carbon source for chemoautotrophic bacteria?

$$\text{Energy source: inorganic molecules (e.g., H_2$, NH_3$)}$$ $$\text{Carbon source: CO_2$}$$

Q: Which of the following equations represents the process of photosynthesis in photoautotrophic bacteria?

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes bacterial transformation?

Accepted Answer

It is a genetic process where bacteria take up foreign DNA from the environment and express new traits.

Question 2

Which laboratory technique is commonly used to isolate plasmids from bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Alkaline lysis

Question 3

A scientist wants to select for bacteria that have successfully taken up a plasmid containing an antibiotic resistance gene. Which medium should they use?

Accepted Answer

A medium containing the specific antibiotic

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a method by which bacteria can exchange genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 5

The pGLO plasmid contains a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) regulated by the arabinose operon. What must be present for GFP to be expressed?

Accepted Answer

Arabinose

Question 6

Which equation best represents the energy source and carbon source for chemoautotrophic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy source: inorganic molecules (e.g., H_2$, NH_3$)}$$ 
 $$	ext{Carbon source: CO_2$}$$

Question 7

Which bacterial cell wall type is characterized by a thick peptidoglycan layer and retains the Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 8

A student is working with E. coli and wants to induce transformation. Which of the following treatments is most likely to increase the uptake of plasmid DNA?

Accepted Answer

Heat shock at 42°C

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why bacteria with plasmids containing antibiotic resistance genes survive on antibiotic-containing media?

Accepted Answer

The plasmid expresses a protein that neutralizes the antibiotic.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world application of bacterial transformation?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin using genetically modified bacteria

Question 11

Which of the following bacteria is classified as an obligate anaerobe?

Accepted Answer

Clostridium sp.

Question 12

What is the main function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and protects against osmotic pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of a promoter in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

It is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 14

A researcher adds a plasmid containing the GFP gene and an antibiotic resistance gene to a culture of E. coli. After incubation, only some colonies glow green under UV light. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

All bacteria took up the plasmid, but only some expressed GFP due to gene regulation.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bacterial shape and example?

Accepted Answer

Bacilli – rod-shaped

Question 16

Which of the following equations represents the process of photosynthesis in photoautotrophic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of restriction enzymes in plasmid manipulation?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences to allow insertion of genes.

Question 18

A student wants to test the hypothesis that bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance through transformation. Which experimental design would best test this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Expose bacteria to plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes and grow them on antibiotic-containing media.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible reason why some bacteria do not survive after transformation with a plasmid containing an antibiotic resistance gene?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria failed to take up the plasmid.

Bacterial Transformation and Plasmid Manipulation: Study Notes for General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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