Question 1

A researcher is testing the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. She gives the drug to one group and a placebo to another group, keeping all other conditions the same. What is the primary purpose of the placebo group in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the control group for comparison with the treatment group

Question 2

Which of the following best describes why a scientific hypothesis must be falsifiable?

Accepted Answer

So that it can be disproven by evidence, allowing for scientific progress

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond is formed when one atom completely transfers an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 4

Inside a single water molecule, what type of bond holds the oxygen atom to the hydrogen atoms?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 5

What type of weak attractive force occurs between two separate water molecules, allowing water to have a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 6

If Solution X has a pH of 4 and Solution Y has a pH of 7, how many times more acidic is Solution X than Solution Y? Use the logarithmic nature of the pH scale.

Accepted Answer

$$10^3 = 1$$,000$$ times more acidic

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 9. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is basic and has a low concentration of H$$^+$$ ions

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why lemon juice (pH 2.3) is considered acidic?

Accepted Answer

It has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions and a pH below 7

Question 9

Which macromolecule class is entirely hydrophobic and forms the core of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 10

What is the monomer (building block) of a protein, and what type of bond links these monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid; peptide bond

Question 11

A student mixes a solution with a pH of 3 and a solution with a pH of 5 in equal volumes. What is the resulting pH, assuming the solutions are of equal strength and volume?

Accepted Answer

pH 4

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond involves sharing electrons, while an ionic bond involves transferring electrons

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct relationship between pH and H$$^+$$ ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

As pH decreases, H$$^+$$ ion concentration increases

Question 14

A solution has a pH of 8. How many times more basic is it than a solution with a pH of 6?

Accepted Answer

$$10^2 = 100$ times more basic

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the independent variable in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

It is the variable that is intentionally changed by the experimenter

Question 16

A scientist observes that bean plants grown under sunlight are taller than those grown under artificial light. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The average height of the bean plants

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the pH scale is considered logarithmic?

Accepted Answer

Each unit change in pH represents a tenfold change in H$$^+$$ ion concentration

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein: amino acid

Question 19

A patient is given a medication that increases the concentration of free H$$^+$$ ions in the blood. What effect will this have on the blood's pH?

Accepted Answer

The pH will decrease, making the blood more acidic

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom

BIO 100 Exam 1 Study Guide: Scientific Investigation, Chemistry of Life, and Biological Macromolecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards