Q: A population of flowers can be red (RR), pink (Rr), or white (rr). If the frequency of the R allele is 0.7, what is the expected frequency of pink flowers under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes Darwin's two main observations that led to his theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support, and individuals vary in their inherited traits.

Question 2

A population of beetles has two color morphs: green and brown. After a forest fire, the green beetles are more visible to predators, and their numbers decrease. Which type of selection is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

Accepted Answer

The appendix

Question 4

Which equation is used to calculate allele frequencies in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 5

A small group of finches is blown to a new island, where they establish a new population. Over time, their allele frequencies differ from the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Founder effect

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a prezygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Reduced hybrid fertility

Question 7

Which event is associated with the 'oxygen revolution' in Earth's history?

Accepted Answer

The evolution of photosynthetic prokaryotes

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the fossil record is incomplete?

Accepted Answer

Many organisms lack hard parts and decay before fossilization can occur.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

Wings of bats and wings of insects

Question 10

A population of flowers can be red (RR), pink (Rr), or white (rr). If the frequency of the R allele is 0.7, what is the expected frequency of pink flowers under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a limitation of the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

It cannot be applied to fossils or asexual organisms.

Question 12

Which mass extinction event is associated with the disappearance of the dinosaurs?

Accepted Answer

Cretaceous mass extinction

Question 13

Which process increases genetic variation in a population by introducing new alleles?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A river divides a population of mice, leading to the formation of two species.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

The rapid evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Migration of individuals between two populations, resulting in exchange of alleles

Question 17

Which of the following is a postzygotic barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid breakdown

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction is advantageous for evolution?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation by recombining alleles.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or coat color

Question 20

Which of the following best describes punctuated equilibria?

Accepted Answer

Long periods of little change interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolution

BIO 101 Final Exam Study Guide: Evolution, Speciation, and the History of Life

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