Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between homology and analogy in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

Homology refers to similarities due to shared ancestry, while analogy refers to similarities due to convergent evolution.

Question 2

A scientist is constructing a phylogenetic tree using the principle of maximum parsimony. Which of the following best describes this approach?

Accepted Answer

Selecting the tree that requires the fewest evolutionary changes.

Question 3

Which of the following is a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.

Question 4

Gram-positive bacteria differ from gram-negative bacteria in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall.

Question 5

Which process allows bacteria to acquire new genetic material from viruses?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 6

A prokaryote that uses light as an energy source and CO$$_2 as a $$carbon source is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph

Question 7

Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes Archaea from Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have unique membrane lipids not found in Bacteria.

Question 8

Which protist supergroup includes the ancestors of land plants?

Accepted Answer

Archaeplastida

Question 9

A patient is infected with Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria. To which protist group does Plasmodium belong?

Accepted Answer

Apicomplexans

Question 10

Which of the following is a derived trait of land plants that is absent in charophyte green algae?

Accepted Answer

Alternation of generations

Question 11

In the life cycle of a moss, which stage is dominant and photosynthetic?

Accepted Answer

Gametophyte

Question 12

Which of the following adaptations allowed seed plants to colonize dry terrestrial environments more successfully than seedless plants?

Accepted Answer

Production of pollen and seeds

Question 13

Double fertilization in angiosperms results in the formation of which two structures?

Accepted Answer

A diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of monocots but not dicots?

Accepted Answer

Parallel leaf venation

Question 15

Which fungal structure is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Hyphae

Question 16

A lichen is best described as a symbiotic association between which two organisms?

Accepted Answer

A fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism

Question 17

Which fungal phylum includes the common mushroom and shelf fungi?

Accepted Answer

Basidiomycota

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cyanobacteria are ecologically important?

Accepted Answer

They are the only prokaryotes that perform oxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of mycorrhizae in plant-fungal mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Fungi increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption for the plant.

Question 20

A researcher discovers a new organism with the following characteristics: it is unicellular, has a nucleus, moves using pseudopodia, and is heterotrophic. To which group does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Amoebozoa

BIO 102 Exam 1 Study Guide: Phylogeny, Prokaryotes, Protists, Plant Diversity, and Fungi

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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