Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between homology and analogy in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

Homology refers to similarities due to shared ancestry, while analogy refers to similarities due to convergent evolution.

Question 2

A scientist discovers two species of desert plants that both have thick, fleshy stems for water storage, but are not closely related. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution resulting in analogous structures.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic groups from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 4

Gram-positive bacteria differ from gram-negative bacteria in that gram-positive bacteria:

Accepted Answer

Have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall.

Question 5

Which process involves the uptake of foreign DNA from the environment by a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 6

Cyanobacteria are unique among prokaryotes because they:

Accepted Answer

Are the only bacterial group capable of oxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the nutritional mode of a chemoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

Obtains energy from chemicals and carbon from organic compounds.

Question 8

Which supergroup of protists includes the ancestors of land plants?

Accepted Answer

Archaeplastida

Question 9

A scientist is studying a protist that moves using cilia and has two types of nuclei. To which group does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Ciliates (Alveolata, SAR supergroup)

Question 10

Which of the following is a derived trait of land plants that is NOT found in charophyte green algae?

Accepted Answer

Alternation of generations

Question 11

In the life cycle of a moss, which stage is dominant and photosynthetic?

Accepted Answer

Gametophyte

Question 12

Which of the following is an advantage of seeds over spores in plant reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Seeds contain a protective coat and stored food, allowing for greater survival in harsh conditions.

Question 13

Double fertilization in angiosperms results in the formation of:

Accepted Answer

A diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of monocots but NOT dicots?

Accepted Answer

Parallel leaf venation

Question 15

Which of the following statements about animal development is correct?

Accepted Answer

The blastopore becomes the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a feature unique to members of the phylum Cnidaria?

Accepted Answer

Cnidocytes containing nematocysts

Question 17

Which of the following is true about arthropods?

Accepted Answer

They possess an exoskeleton made of chitin that must be shed for growth.

Question 18

Which of the following is a derived characteristic of all chordates?

Accepted Answer

A dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Question 19

Birds are considered to be modern-day descendants of which group?

Accepted Answer

Archosaurs (specifically, theropod dinosaurs)

Question 20

Which of the following is a derived characteristic of mammals?

Accepted Answer

Specialized teeth for different functions

BIO 102 Midterm Exam Study Guide: Phylogeny, Microbial Diversity, Plant and Animal Diversity

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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