Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall equation for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 2

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced, and where does this stage occur in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain; inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 3

Which of the following statements about lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic fermentation releases carbon dioxide, while lactic acid fermentation does not

Question 4

Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose

Question 5

Where do the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) of photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Light-dependent: thylakoid membrane; Calvin cycle: stroma

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that DNA is undamaged and fully replicated before mitosis begins?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor. Which of the following best distinguishes a malignant tumor from a benign tumor?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize; benign tumors do not

Question 8

Which of the following events occurs during prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs

Question 9

Which mechanism during meiosis contributes most directly to genetic variation in gametes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 10

A cross between two heterozygous pea plants for flower color (Pp x Pp) results in a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers. Which of Mendel’s laws explains this result?

Accepted Answer

Law of Segregation

Question 11

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both traits (AaBb x AaBb), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with the genotype aabb?

Accepted Answer

$$\dfrac{1}{16}$$

Question 12

Which inheritance pattern is illustrated when a red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces offspring with pink flowers?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 13

Which experiment provided strong evidence that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material in cells?

Accepted Answer

Hershey-Chase experiment

Question 14

What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment demonstrate about DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semiconservative

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template by RNA polymerase

Question 16

A point mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop codon). What type of mutation is this, and what is its likely effect on the protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation; results in premature termination

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why all life on Earth depends on photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis provides the organic molecules and oxygen required by most organisms

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between binary fission in prokaryotes and mitosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission does not involve the breakdown of the nuclear envelope

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the structure of a eukaryotic gene?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of DNA that includes exons, introns, a promoter, and regulatory elements

Question 20

Which process explains how multiple polypeptides can be produced from a single gene in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA

BIO 103 Final Exam Study Guide: Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, Cell Cycle, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, DNA, and Gene Expression

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards