Question 1

Which of the following best describes why a good scientific hypothesis must be falsifiable?

Accepted Answer

Because it must be possible to prove the hypothesis is incorrect through evidence.

Question 2

A researcher observes that a certain plant species grows taller when exposed to more sunlight. She proposes that increasing sunlight exposure increases plant height. Which step of the scientific method is this?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a hypothesis

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the subatomic particle with its charge and location?

Accepted Answer

Electron: negative charge, orbits the nucleus

Question 4

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 5

A peptide bond is formed between which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Two amino acids

Question 6

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 8

If a human cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It combines unique DNA sequences from two parents during fertilization.

Question 10

A male human has which combination of sex chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

XY

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the stages of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of restriction enzymes in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences.

Question 13

A scientist uses PCR in a forensic investigation. What is the main purpose of this technique?

Accepted Answer

To amplify specific segments of DNA

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

Accepted Answer

They can reproduce independently outside of living cells.

Question 15

Which group of plants is characterized by the production of flowers and dominance on land?

Accepted Answer

Angiosperms

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why sponges must have every cell in contact with the environment?

Accepted Answer

They lack tissues and specialized transport systems.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the largest biome on Earth?

Accepted Answer

The aquatic biome is the largest biome on Earth.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary significance of Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

It explains how individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of prokaryote shape and its name?

Accepted Answer

Rod-shaped: Bacilli

Question 20

A scientist is studying an organism that thrives in extremely salty environments. To which group does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Halophiles

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