Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster in sunlight than in shade. She hypothesizes, 'Sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis in this plant.' Which of the following is a valid prediction based on her hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If the plant is placed in sunlight, then it will grow faster than in shade.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why human somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes, while human gametes contain 23 chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes; gametes are haploid, containing one set.

Question 4

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in offspring produced by sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 5

A cell is observed to have a cleavage furrow forming during cytokinesis. This cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

An animal cell undergoing mitosis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about Mendel's Law of Segregation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, which separate during gamete formation.

Question 7

A woman with genotype $$Aa$$ for a gene and a man with genotype $$aa$$ have a child. What is the probability that the child will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between complete dominance and codominance?

Accepted Answer

In complete dominance, one allele masks the other; in codominance, both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a property of all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 10

A researcher collects data on the number of leaves on 100 different plants. This type of data is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells divide uncontrollably?

Accepted Answer

They have lost the ability to respond to cell cycle control signals.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial disorder?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease

Question 13

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of producers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 16

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. This pattern most likely indicates:

Accepted Answer

An autosomal dominant trait

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Predicting that a plant will die if it does not receive water, based on the principle that all living things need water.

Question 18

Which of the following increases genetic variability during sexual reproduction? Select the most comprehensive answer.

Accepted Answer

Crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization

Question 19

A plant with genotype $$RrYy is $$crossed with a plant with genotype $$rryy. $$According to the law of independent assortment, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1:1:1:1

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between observational and experimental science?

Accepted Answer

Experimental science involves testing predictions by manipulating variables, while observational science involves collecting data without manipulation.

BIO 1070 Exam 1 Study Guide: Foundations of Biology, Cell Division, and Mendelian Genetics

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