Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his inheritance experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have a short generation time and produce many offspring, allowing for statistical analysis of inheritance patterns.

Question 2

A woman who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis (an autosomal recessive disorder) and a man who is not a carrier have a child. What is the probability that their child will have cystic fibrosis? Use $$C$$ for the normal allele and $$c$$ for the cystic fibrosis allele.

Accepted Answer

0%

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 4

A man with blood type AB and a woman with blood type O have children. Which blood types are possible for their children?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type B

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease, where one gene affects multiple traits such as anemia, pain, and resistance to malaria.

Question 6

If a DNA sample contains 30% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect to find? (Assume normal base pairing.)

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 7

Which process best describes how DNA is copied before cell division?

Accepted Answer

Each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for a new complementary strand.

Question 8

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$	ext{TAC} to$$ $$	ext{TAT}. $$What type of mutation is this, and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Base substitution; may result in a different amino acid or no change at all.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is nearly universal, supporting the idea of common ancestry among living organisms.

Question 10

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$X^N is $$the normal allele and $$X^n is $$the allele for red-green colorblindness) and a man with genotype $$X^n Y$$ have a son. What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not always follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about viruses?

Accepted Answer

They are noncellular infectious agents that require a host cell to reproduce.

Question 13

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$YyRr 	imes YyRr) $$produces what phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between the two homozygotes.

Question 15

How many nucleotides are required to code for a protein that is 100 amino acids long?

Accepted Answer

$$300$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why males are more likely to express X-linked recessive traits?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will be expressed.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color, which is influenced by several genes.

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 19

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. Which inheritance pattern is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

BIO 110 Exam 3 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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