Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information, while RNA is primarily involved in protein synthesis.

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

A mutation occurs in the coding region of a gene, changing a codon from UAU to UAA. What is the most likely result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A nonsense mutation resulting in a premature stop codon

Question 4

Which of the following equations represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 5

In a population of 1000 individuals, 360 show the recessive phenotype for a trait controlled by a single gene with two alleles. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

$$0.6$$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

Both small and large beak sizes are favored over medium beak sizes in a bird population.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about genetic drift is correct?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift has a stronger effect in small populations.

Question 8

A population of beetles is split by a river, and over time, the two groups evolve into separate species. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of RNA polymerase in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection occurs

Question 11

A population experiences a bottleneck event. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased genetic diversity

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why mutations are important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

They are the original source of genetic variation.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid offspring are sterile.

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

Both very short and very tall plants are selected against, favoring medium height.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow results from the movement of alleles between populations.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The increase in frequency of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why genetic drift can lead to the fixation of alleles in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Random changes in allele frequencies have a larger effect in small populations.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Mating occurs at different times of the year.

Bio 110 Exam 4 Study Guide: Genetics, Evolution, and Population Biology

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