Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

If a mutation occurs in the gene responsible for the enzyme that repairs DNA, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate more mutations over time.

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in offspring produced by sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 4

A population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic. After several generations, most bacteria are resistant. Which evolutionary mechanism best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 5

Which of the following equations represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 7

A scientist discovers a new species of plant that reproduces only by cloning itself. Which evolutionary process will have the least effect on this population?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell anemia is more common in regions where malaria is prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia provides resistance to malaria.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about genetic drift is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a random change in allele frequencies.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of postzygotic reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid offspring are sterile.

Question 11

A researcher observes that a population of birds has developed longer beaks over several generations due to a change in available food sources. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 12

Which of the following best describes allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

Speciation occurs due to geographic isolation.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotes.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

Wings of bats and wings of birds

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the frequency of heterozygotes in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 17

Which of the following best describes gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Movement of alleles between populations

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic variation in gametes

Question 19

Which of the following is the best example of a vestigial structure in humans?

Accepted Answer

Appendix

Question 20

Which of the following is the best definition of adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

The evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor

BIO 110 - General Biology II: Course Syllabus and Study Guide

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