Q: A population of beetles is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of the dominant allele ($$p) is 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals in the population?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the presence of similar DNA sequences in two different species is considered strong evidence for common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

Similar DNA sequences are likely inherited from a shared ancestor, reflecting evolutionary relationships.

Question 2

A population of beetles is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of the dominant allele ($$p) is 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals in the population?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

Accepted Answer

The appendix, which has little to no digestive function.

Question 4

Which process during meiosis is primarily responsible for generating new combinations of alleles on the same chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during Prophase I

Question 5

A scientist observes that two species of frogs breed in the same pond, but one breeds in early spring and the other in late summer. What type of reproductive isolation is this?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation (prezygotic)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the main advantage of the amniotic egg for terrestrial vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the embryo from drying out, allowing reproduction away from water.

Question 7

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA, have double membranes, and possess ribosomes similar to bacteria.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the plant structure with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Xylem: transports water and minerals upward; composed of dead cells.

Question 9

Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating cell elongation and is often used in commercial rooting powders?

Accepted Answer

Auxins

Question 10

A cactus opens its stomata at night to minimize water loss. Which type of photosynthetic pathway does it use?

Accepted Answer

CAM pathway (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why self-fertilization in plants can be disadvantageous over multiple generations?

Accepted Answer

It reduces genetic diversity, making populations more susceptible to disease.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the development of multicellular complexity in animals?

Accepted Answer

Multicellularity → Tissues → Bilateral symmetry

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Mating is random.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between chordates and vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

All vertebrates are chordates, but not all chordates have a backbone.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent limiting factor in a population?

Accepted Answer

A hurricane destroying a coastal ecosystem

Question 16

In a food web, which trophic level receives the least amount of energy from the sun?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary consumers

Question 17

Which process in the nitrogen cycle converts atmospheric nitrogen ($$N_2) $$into a form usable by plants?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main function of the cuticle in land plants?

Accepted Answer

It reduces water loss by forming a protective barrier on the surface of leaves.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of double fertilization in flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

One sperm fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, and another sperm fertilizes the central cell to form endosperm.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar

BIO 1108: Evolution, History of Life, Plant Biology, and Ecology – Study Guide

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