Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small and adopt special shapes as they grow?

Accepted Answer

Because the volume increases faster than the surface area, making it harder for nutrients and wastes to diffuse efficiently.

Question 2

Which of the following is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 3

A scientist is using a microscope to observe the detailed surface structure of a pollen grain. Which type of microscope is most appropriate for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating what enters and exits the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct formula for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \sim 36{-}38\ \mathrm{ATP}$

Question 6

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Question 7

Which of the following statements about NAD+ and FAD is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are coenzymes that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 8

A muscle cell is deprived of oxygen. Which process will it use to generate ATP, and what is the likely byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation; lactate

Question 9

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The flow of hydrogen ions (protons) back across a membrane through ATP synthase, driving the production of ATP.

Question 10

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$)

Question 11

Which of the following is a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 12

A plant is placed under green light only. What is the most likely outcome for its rate of photosynthesis, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease, because chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and assisting in cell movement.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct summary of the products of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Glucose} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{pyruvate} + 2\ \mathrm{ATP} + 2\ \mathrm{NADH}$

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lack of membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A flexible membrane made up of many different components.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a CAM plant?

Accepted Answer

Cactus

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is it most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

BIO 111 – Cell Structure, Function, and Energy: Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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