Q: Given a chromatogram, how is the $$R_f$$ value for a pigment calculated?

$$R_f = \frac{\text{distance traveled by pigment}}{\text{distance traveled by solvent front}}$$

Question 1

In the catalase enzyme experiment, what is the substrate and what are the products of the reaction catalyzed by catalase?

Accepted Answer

Substrate: hydrogen peroxide; Products: water and oxygen

Question 2

During the catalase experiment, pieces of paper dipped in yeast solution float to the top of cups containing hydrogen peroxide. What causes this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen gas produced by the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide forms bubbles that lift the paper

Question 3

Which of the following best describes what happens to catalase at high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme becomes denatured, losing its active site shape and function

Question 4

In an experiment testing the effect of temperature on catalase activity, which is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Question 5

Which type of graph is most appropriate for displaying the relationship between temperature and enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Line graph

Question 6

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 7

In the leaf disk photosynthesis experiment, why do leaf disks float in light but not in darkness?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces oxygen gas in light, causing disks to float; no oxygen is produced in darkness

Question 8

How does increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide affect the number of floating leaf disks in the photosynthesis experiment?

Accepted Answer

More carbon dioxide increases photosynthesis, producing more oxygen and more floating disks

Question 9

Given a chromatogram, how is the $$R_f$$ value for a pigment calculated?

Accepted Answer

$$R_f = \frac{	ext{distance traveled by pigment}}{	ext{distance traveled by solvent front}}$$

Question 10

Which solvent is polar and which is non-polar: water versus organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar; organic molecules are non-polar

Question 11

What influences the movement of a pigment through chromatography paper?

Accepted Answer

Polarity of the pigment and polarity of the solvent

Question 12

Which sequence correctly lists the stages of mitosis in order?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 13

During interphase, which of the following activities occurs in the cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication and cell growth

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells

Question 15

A plant with genotype $$RR ($$red flowers) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$rr ($$white flowers). If red is completely dominant, what will be the phenotype of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

All offspring will have red flowers

Question 16

In co-dominance, what would be the phenotype of an individual with genotype $$AB$$ for a trait where both $$A$$ and $$B$$ alleles are co-dominant?

Accepted Answer

Both traits $$A$$ and $$B$$ are fully expressed

Question 17

Which statement best describes restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA at those sites

Question 18

If a plasmid has three restriction sites for a specific enzyme, how many DNA fragments will result after digestion with that enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Four fragments

Question 19

During gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragments move the farthest from the wells?

Accepted Answer

The smallest DNA fragments

Question 20

In gel electrophoresis, DNA moves toward which electrode, and why?

Accepted Answer

Toward the positive electrode, because DNA is negatively charged

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