Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in the context of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that removes water to join monomers into a polymer.

Question 2

A patient is unable to digest starch due to a genetic disorder affecting hydrolysis. Which of the following best explains why this patient cannot utilize starch for energy?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis is required to break glycosidic linkages in starch, releasing glucose monomers.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose; provides structural support in plant cell walls.

Question 4

What type of bond forms between two monosaccharides during the synthesis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 5

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature.

Question 6

A triglyceride molecule is formed by the combination of which subunits, and what type of bond links them?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids joined by ester linkages.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 8

A mutation changes a single amino acid in a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected by this change?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polypeptide and a protein?

Accepted Answer

A polypeptide is a linear chain of amino acids, while a protein is a functional molecule that may consist of one or more polypeptides folded into a specific shape.

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer subunit?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – nucleotide

Question 12

Which bond is responsible for linking nucleotides together in a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester linkage

Question 13

A scientist isolates a molecule with the following structure: a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. This molecule is best identified as:

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide

Question 14

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in aqueous environments.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together by removing a molecule of water: $$A{-}OH + B{-}H \rightarrow A{-}B + H_2O$$

Question 17

Which of the following amino acids would most likely be found in the interior of a globular protein?

Accepted Answer

A nonpolar, hydrophobic amino acid

Question 18

A mutation causes a protein to lose its quaternary structure but retain its tertiary structure. Which of the following is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

The protein is composed of multiple polypeptide subunits that can no longer associate.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which a polymer is broken down into monomers by the addition of water.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and the bond that links its monomers?

Accepted Answer

Protein – peptide bond

BIO 111 Week 4 Review: Macromolecules and Their Functions

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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