Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions in terms of free energy change ($$\Delta G$$)?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reactions have $$\Delta G \u003e 0$$ and require energy input, while exergonic reactions have $$\Delta G \u003c 0$$ and release energy.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that causes their cells to lack functional mitochondria. Which stage of cellular respiration would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Question 4

Which of the following best explains how competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

They bind to the active site, blocking the substrate from binding.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Laws of Thermodynamics is correct as applied to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The Second Law states that every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe.

Question 6

Which of the following is the initial energy source for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Sunlight (photons)

Question 7

A marathon runner's body needs to store excess calories for future energy use. In which form and location does the human body primarily store this excess energy?

Accepted Answer

As glycogen in the liver and muscles

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the relationship between wavelength and energy of light?

Accepted Answer

Shorter wavelengths have higher energy.

Question 9

Which of the following is a product of anaerobic fermentation in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic fermentation.

Question 13

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the green color of plants and is most directly involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 14

Which of the following best describes negative feedback in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A process where the end product inhibits the process that produced it.

Question 15

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced, and where does this occur?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the three main steps of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric Acid Cycle → Electron Transport Chain

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of allosteric (noncompetitive) inhibitors on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

They bind to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing activity.

Question 18

In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 19

Which molecules are used as reactants in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and oxygen

Question 20

A plant is placed in a sealed container with only water and sunlight. Which of the following molecules will it produce as a result of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and oxygen

BIO 1111 Exam 3 Review – Step-by-Step Study Guidance

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