Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions in terms of free energy change ($$\Delta G$$)?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reactions have a positive $$\Delta G$$ and require energy input, while exergonic reactions have a negative $$\Delta G$$ and release energy.

Question 2

A patient is given a drug that acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor for a key metabolic enzyme. Which of the following best describes how this inhibitor works?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why ATP is often called the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP directly transfers its phosphate group to other molecules, releasing energy that can be used for cellular work.

Question 5

A marathon runner relies on aerobic respiration for energy. Which organelle is primarily responsible for this process, and where does the majority of ATP production occur?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the Laws of Thermodynamics is correct as applied to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The second law states that every energy transfer increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic fermentation does not require oxygen and produces less ATP.

Question 8

Which of the following is the initial energy source for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Sunlight (photons)

Question 9

A plant is exposed to only green light. What is the most likely outcome regarding its rate of photosynthesis, and why?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis will decrease because green light is mostly reflected, not absorbed, by plant pigments.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the stage of cellular respiration with its location in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain – inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct comparison between negative and positive feedback in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback maintains homeostasis by counteracting changes, while positive feedback amplifies changes.

Question 12

Which of the following molecules is produced during both aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why visible light is seen by humans but not ultraviolet or infrared light?

Accepted Answer

Visible light has wavelengths that are absorbed by the pigments in our eyes, while ultraviolet and infrared are not.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes how the body stores excess calories from food?

Accepted Answer

Excess calories are stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and as fat in adipose tissue.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the relationship between wavelength and energy of photons?

Accepted Answer

Shorter wavelengths have higher energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 18

A person is exercising intensely and their muscles begin to feel sore. Which process is most likely occurring in their muscle cells, and what is the main product?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic fermentation; lactic acid

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions without being consumed.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly matches the stage of photosynthesis with its location in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Light-dependent reactions – thylakoid membrane

BIO 1111 Exam 3 Review – Step-by-Step Study Guidance

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