Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a duplicated chromosome during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Two sister chromatids joined at the centromere

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the significance of this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; it ensures each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes

Question 3

Which of the following events distinguishes Anaphase I of meiosis from Anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are separated in Anaphase I, while sister chromatids are separated in mitosis

Question 4

A mutation in the p53 gene can lead to uncontrolled cell division. What is the primary function of the p53 gene in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a tumor suppressor by halting the cell cycle in response to DNA damage

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis is important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes

Question 6

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned in a single row at the cell's equator, with spindle fibers attached to each centromere. Which phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase of mitosis

Question 7

Which of the following statements correctly compares cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells build a cell plate

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a homologous chromosome pair?

Accepted Answer

Two chromosomes, one from each parent, that carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 9

If a diploid cell with $$2n = 8$$ undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves one cell division, while meiosis involves two consecutive cell divisions

Question 11

A cell is observed with the nuclear envelope breaking down, chromosomes condensing, and spindle fibers beginning to form. In which phase is this cell most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of oncogenes in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

They promote uncontrolled cell division when mutated or overexpressed

Question 13

During which phase of meiosis does the chromosome number reduce from diploid to haploid, and what is the biological significance of this reduction?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I; it allows for the formation of gametes with half the chromosome number, maintaining species stability

Question 14

A zygote is formed when two gametes fuse. If each gamete contains $$n$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the zygote have?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 15

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that DNA is undamaged before replication begins?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 16

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes lined up in pairs at the metaphase plate, with spindle fibers attached to each homolog. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I of meiosis

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the evolutionary advantage provided by meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A population of sexually reproducing organisms shows increased genetic diversity, allowing some individuals to survive a new disease

Question 18

Which of the following correctly matches the phase with the event occurring during that phase in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Telophase: Nuclear envelopes reform around separated chromosomes

Question 19

If a cell fails to complete cytokinesis after mitosis, what will be the result?

Accepted Answer

One cell with two nuclei, each with a complete set of chromosomes

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why tumor suppressor genes are important in preventing cancer?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit cell division or induce apoptosis when DNA damage is detected

BIO 1111 Exam 4 Review – Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis Study Guidance

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