Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a component shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a nucleoid, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane, but no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cells cannot be infinitely large?

Accepted Answer

The surface area to volume ratio would become too small, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 4

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell follows which correct sequence through the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They are surrounded by a single membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes how enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

They decrease the activation energy required for the reaction.

Question 7

A mutation in a gene causes a protein to be sent to the lysosome instead of being secreted. What is the most likely reason for this rerouting?

Accepted Answer

The cell recognizes the protein as defective and targets it for degradation.

Question 8

Which of the following forces is primarily responsible for maintaining the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals interactions among fatty acid tails

Question 9

A patient with cholera loses large amounts of water through diarrhea. This is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

The intestinal fluid becoming hypertonic, drawing water out of cells by osmosis.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids can move laterally within the layer.

Question 12

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating chromosome movement during cell division

Question 14

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of a competitive inhibitor in enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 16

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink, because water leaves the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why compartmentalization via organelles is advantageous for eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It increases the efficiency of chemical reactions by concentrating reactants and separating incompatible processes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes negative feedback in enzyme regulation?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway.

Question 20

A scientist is studying a membrane protein that spans the entire phospholipid bilayer. This protein is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

An integral protein

BIO 1150 Exam 2 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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