Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Abiotic factors are non-living components like temperature and salinity, while biotic factors are living components such as plants and animals.

Question 2

A river ecosystem is experiencing a sudden increase in nutrient levels due to agricultural runoff. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Eutrophication, resulting in algal blooms and decreased oxygen levels.

Question 3

Which biome is characterized by low precipitation, extreme temperature fluctuations, and sparse vegetation?

Accepted Answer

Desert

Question 4

In the water cycle, which process is responsible for the movement of water from plants to the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Transpiration

Question 5

Global warming is primarily caused by an increase in which type of atmospheric component?

Accepted Answer

Greenhouse gases

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A bee pollinating a flower while collecting nectar

Question 7

A food web in a woodland ecosystem includes decomposers. What is the primary role of decomposers in this food web?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients

Question 8

According to the 10% rule in trophic structure, if a primary producer contains 10,000 kcal of energy, how much energy is available to the primary consumer?

Accepted Answer

1,000 kcal

Question 9

Which equation best represents the process of photosynthesis in autotrophs?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the concept of species richness?

Accepted Answer

The total number of different species present in a community.

Question 11

A grassland ecosystem undergoes a fire, which destroys most vegetation. What ecological process is most likely to follow?

Accepted Answer

Secondary succession

Question 12

Which of the following is a major threat to biodiversity that involves the introduction of non-native species?

Accepted Answer

Invasive species

Question 13

In the nitrogen cycle, which process converts atmospheric nitrogen ($$\mathrm{N}_2) $$into a form usable by plants?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of sustainable development?

Accepted Answer

Using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising future availability.

Question 15

A population of frogs in a wetland is declining due to pollution. Which level of biodiversity is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Species biodiversity

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of exploitation as a threat to biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Overfishing in the ocean leading to population decline of certain fish species.

Question 17

In a marine biome, which zone receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photic zone

Question 18

Which interspecific interaction is characterized by one species benefiting while the other is unaffected?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Question 19

A food chain consists of grass (primary producer), grasshopper (primary consumer), frog (secondary consumer), and snake (tertiary consumer). If the grass contains 5,000 kcal, how much energy is available to the snake according to the 10% rule?

Accepted Answer

50 kcal

Question 20

Which process in the carbon cycle involves the conversion of organic carbon back into atmospheric $$\mathrm{CO}_2$$?

Accepted Answer

Respiration

BIO 1202 Test 4 Study Guide: Ecology and Biodiversity Concepts

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