Question 1

A thistle tube contains a 10% sugar solution and is covered by a differentially permeable membrane. It is placed in a beaker with a 5% sugar solution. What will happen to the water?

Accepted Answer

More water will enter the thistle tube than leave the thistle tube.

Question 2

Catabolism is to anabolism as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

exergonic; endergonic

Question 3

Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 4

If an enzyme solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain an even faster yield of products is to

Accepted Answer

add more of the enzyme.

Question 5

During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$) is used for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

at the end of the electron transport chain to accept electrons and form $\mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 6

Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are passed from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.

Question 7

If a compound that allows protons to freely diffuse across membranes is added to cells that are actively metabolizing glucose via cellular respiration, which of the following processes would stop?

Accepted Answer

none of the above

Question 8

The energy used to produce ATP in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from _____

Accepted Answer

movement of $\mathrm{H^+}$ through a membrane

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about bacteria that are chemoautotrophs?

Accepted Answer

They fix carbon dioxide using electrons derived from the oxidation of an inorganic compound.

Question 10

A chemical reaction is designated as exergonic rather than endergonic when _____

Accepted Answer

the potential energy of the products is less than the potential energy of the reactants

Question 11

Muscle tissues make lactate from pyruvate in order to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

regenerate $\mathrm{NAD^+}$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT associated with allosteric regulation of an enzyme's activity?

Accepted Answer

A mimic of the substrate competes for the active site.

Question 13

If muscle cells in the human body consume $\mathrm{O_2}$ faster than it can be supplied, which of the following is likely to result?

Accepted Answer

The first three answers are correct.

Question 14

What is the role of NADP$^+$ in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is reduced and then carries electrons to the Calvin cycle.

Question 15

The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in ____. The light reactions also produce ____ and ____.

Accepted Answer

NADPH ... ATP ... oxygen

Question 16

Why are C4 plants more suited to hot climates than C3 plants?

Accepted Answer

Unlike C3 plants, they keep fixing carbon dioxide even when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the leaf is low.

Question 17

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step _____.

Accepted Answer

enables the cell to recycle $\mathrm{NAD^+}$

Question 18

Which one of the following is the source of the energy that produces the chemiosmotic gradient in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

electrons moving down the electron transport chain

Question 19

During respiration in a eukaryotic cell, the electron transport chain is located in or on the _____.

Accepted Answer

inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Question 20

The overall efficiency of respiration (the percentage of the energy released that is saved in ATP) is approximately _____.

Accepted Answer

40%

BIO 121 Study Guide: Membranes, Enzymes, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards