Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism, anabolism, and the types of reactions they involve?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism involves exergonic reactions that break down complex molecules, releasing energy, while anabolism involves endergonic reactions that build complex molecules, requiring energy.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous (IV) solution that is hypotonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will gain water, swell, and may eventually burst (lyse).

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to proceed more rapidly.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles are found in all prokaryotic cells.

Question 5

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall made of cellulose. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A plant cell

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oxygen ($$O_2) $$can diffuse easily across the plasma membrane, but glucose cannot?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is small and nonpolar, allowing it to pass through the lipid bilayer, while glucose is large and polar, requiring a transport protein.

Question 7

Which of the following cell junctions would you expect to find in tissues that experience significant mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic model' of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure where proteins and lipids can move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of protein synthesis and transport in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus $$\rightarrow$$ rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi complex $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of $$Na^+$$ ions from low to high concentration using ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the laws of thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes how ATP provides energy for cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when it is hydrolyzed to ADP and an inorganic phosphate ($$P_i$$), which can be coupled to endergonic reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They act as enzymes, receptors, transporters, and anchors for the cytoskeleton.

Question 15

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate binding.

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 17

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel, without energy input.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes do not.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of entropy as described by the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A drop of dye spreading out evenly in a beaker of water.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

BIO 121 Unit 2 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards