Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches an ear structure with its main function in the path of sound from the environment to the brain?

Accepted Answer

The tympanic membrane converts sound waves in air into mechanical vibrations.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Slow-twitch fibers rely primarily on aerobic respiration and are resistant to fatigue.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic tastes recognized by humans?

Accepted Answer

Spicy

Question 4

Depolarization of a neuron membrane is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential moves closer to zero, making the inside less negative.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the relationship between taste and smell in humans?

Accepted Answer

Flavor perception is a combination of both taste and olfactory (smell) input.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern (FAP)?

Accepted Answer

A goose rolling an egg back to its nest in a stereotyped manner when it sees an egg outside the nest.

Question 7

Which of Tinbergen’s four questions addresses the 'ultimate' cause of a behavior?

Accepted Answer

What is the evolutionary history of the behavior?

Question 8

A researcher observes that a certain bird species migrates every year in response to changes in day length. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A circannual rhythm

Question 9

In a cross-fostering study, California mice raised by white-footed mice mothers showed:

Accepted Answer

Behaviors more similar to white-footed mice, indicating an environmental influence.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the optimal foraging model?

Accepted Answer

Animals maximize energy intake per unit time by balancing the costs and benefits of obtaining food.

Question 11

Hamilton’s rule is given by the formula $$rB \u003e C. $$What does the variable $$r$$ represent?

Accepted Answer

$$r is $$the coefficient of relatedness between the altruist and the recipient.

Question 12

A male fish guards eggs in a nest. In species with external fertilization, certainty of paternity is generally:

Accepted Answer

Higher than in species with internal fertilization.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of associative learning?

Accepted Answer

A rat learning to press a lever to receive food after hearing a bell.

Question 14

Which scenario best illustrates reciprocal altruism?

Accepted Answer

A vampire bat sharing blood with another bat that is not a close relative, expecting the favor to be returned later.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about game theory as applied to animal behavior?

Accepted Answer

It explains how different behavioral strategies can coexist in a population, as seen in California lizards.

Question 16

Which of the following best defines 'imprinting'?

Accepted Answer

A rapid, irreversible learning process that occurs during a sensitive period early in life.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of kin selection?

Accepted Answer

A meerkat giving an alarm call to warn relatives of a predator, even though it increases its own risk.

Question 18

Which two key factors shape learning and behavior in animals?

Accepted Answer

Genetics and environmental experience

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main difference between spatial learning and classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Spatial learning involves associating a specific location with a reward, while classical conditioning involves associating two stimuli.

Question 20

According to sociobiology, human behavior is the result of:

Accepted Answer

Both evolutionary history and cultural influences.

BIO 1306 Exam 4 Study Guide: Sensory Systems, Muscle Physiology, and Animal Behavior

Study Guide - Practice Questions