Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

Q: Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its structure?

Phosphate group: $$-\text{PO}_4$$

Q: A mutation changes a codon in mRNA from $$\text{UAC} to$$ $$\text{UAA}. $$What is the most likely effect on the resulting protein?

The protein will be shorter because $$\text{UAA} is a $$stop codon.

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat compared to most other substances?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism and observes that its cells contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall made of cellulose. To which domain and kingdom does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Plantae

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

The three-dimensional shape of a macromolecule determines its specific function.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrink. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypertonic to the cell, causing water to leave the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up chemical reactions.

Question 7

A geneticist crosses two heterozygous pea plants (Yy) for seed color, where yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

3 yellow : 1 green

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 9

Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its structure?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group: $$-	ext{PO}_4$$

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 11

A mutation changes a codon in mRNA from $$	ext{UAC} to$$ $$	ext{UAA}. $$What is the most likely effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be shorter because $$	ext{UAA} is a $$stop codon.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice keep water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins move laterally within the layer.

Question 14

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of water that helps moderate Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a single nucleotide substitution in a gene. Which type of mutation is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site on the enzyme.

BIO-157 General Biology I: Comprehensive Study Guide (Chapters 1–21, Excluding Chapter 11)

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