Q: A population of frogs is studied using a mark and recapture method. On the first day, 40 frogs are captured, marked, and released. On the second day, 100 frogs are captured, and 20 of them are marked. Estimate the population size using the mark and recapture formula $$N = \frac{n_1$ \times n_2$}{m_2$}$$, where $$n_1 is $$the number marked initially, $$n_2 is $$the number captured the second time, and $$m_2 is $$the number of marked individuals recaptured.

The estimated population size is $$N = \frac{40 \times 100}{20} = 200$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between weather and climate?

Accepted Answer

Weather is the short-term atmospheric conditions in a region, while climate is the long-term average of those conditions.

Question 2

A population of frogs is studied using a mark and recapture method. On the first day, 40 frogs are captured, marked, and released. On the second day, 100 frogs are captured, and 20 of them are marked. Estimate the population size using the mark and recapture formula $$N = \frac{n_1$ 	imes n_2$}{m_2$}$$, where $$n_1 is $$the number marked initially, $$n_2 is $$the number captured the second time, and $$m_2 is $$the number of marked individuals recaptured.

Accepted Answer

The estimated population size is $$N = \frac{40 	imes 100}{20} = 200$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor affecting population growth?

Accepted Answer

A disease spreads more rapidly as population density increases.

Question 4

Which equation represents the logistic growth model for population size over time?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{dN}{dt} = rN \left(1 - \frac{N}{K}\right)$$

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of competitive exclusion?

Accepted Answer

Two species of fish occupy the same niche in a lake, and one eventually disappears from the lake.

Question 6

In the context of kin selection, Hamilton’s rule states that altruistic behavior is favored when $$rB \u003e C. $$What do the variables represent?

Accepted Answer

$$r is $$the coefficient of relatedness, $$B is $$the benefit to the recipient, $$C is $$the cost to the actor.

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of K-selected species?

Accepted Answer

Low reproductive rate, long lifespan, and stable population size near carrying capacity.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for 'fixing' atmospheric carbon into organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 9

A lake undergoes seasonal turnover. What is the primary consequence of this process?

Accepted Answer

It mixes nutrients and oxygen throughout the water column.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes biomagnification?

Accepted Answer

The accumulation of toxins at higher concentrations in organisms at higher trophic levels.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry?

Accepted Answer

A harmless butterfly species evolves to resemble a toxic butterfly species.

Question 12

Which equation represents Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 13

Which of the following is a proximate cause for a bird singing in the morning?

Accepted Answer

The bird sings because increased daylight triggers neural pathways.

Question 14

Which of the following is a major threat to aquifer recharge?

Accepted Answer

Overuse of groundwater and impermeable surfaces preventing infiltration.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to produce energy from sunlight only.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of fire in fire-adapted ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Fire can promote regeneration and maintain species diversity.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service?

Accepted Answer

Pollination of crops by bees.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of global climate change observed in recent decades?

Accepted Answer

Increased frequency of extreme weather events.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the Theory of Island Biogeography?

Accepted Answer

Species richness on islands is determined by island size and distance from the mainland.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of bottom-up control in a community?

Accepted Answer

An increase in plant biomass leads to an increase in herbivore populations.

BIO 201 Final Exam Study Guide: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology

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