Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Traits that increase survival and reproduction become more common in a population over generations.

Question 2

A population of beetles is exposed to a pesticide. After several generations, most beetles are resistant. Which term best describes this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 4

A scientist observes that two populations of frogs cannot interbreed because their mating calls are different. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral isolation

Question 5

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 6

If a diploid cell ($$2n) $$undergoes meiosis, what is the chromosome number of the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

$$n$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why genetic diversity is important for a population’s survival?

Accepted Answer

It increases the chance that some individuals will survive environmental changes.

Question 8

A mutation occurs in a gene that codes for an enzyme. Which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme may lose its function, gain a new function, or remain unchanged.

Question 9

Which of the following equations represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 10

A population of fish is separated by a dam, resulting in two groups that cannot interbreed. Over time, these groups develop distinct traits. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A large population is suddenly reduced in size, changing allele frequencies due to chance.

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene flow?

Accepted Answer

A population of birds migrates and breeds with a neighboring population.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, which is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A point mutation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group starts a new population with different allele frequencies than the original population.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of temporal isolation?

Accepted Answer

Two species of plants flower at different times of the year.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is important for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, ensuring offspring have the correct number of chromosomes.

Question 20

A population of rabbits has the following genotype frequencies: $$AA = 0.36$$, $$Aa = 0.48$$, $$aa = 0.16. $$What are the allele frequencies of $$A$$ and $$a$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 0.6$$, a = 0.4$

BIO 223 Exam 1 Study Guide: Evolution, Speciation, and Population Genetics

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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